Essay about Ken Keseys One Flew Over The Cukoos Nest and...

Ken Keseys One Flew Over The Cukoos Nest and the Movie The film version of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, produced by Milos Forman, contains many similarities to the novel, however the differences are numerous to the extent that the story, written by Ken Kesey, is overlooked by anyone who only saw the film. Ken Kesey wrote the novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, after experimenting with drugs and working on a psychiatric ward in 1960 and the novel was published in 1962. â€Å"Kesey became a night attendant on the Menlo Park Veterans Hospital psychiatric ward so that he could concentrate on his writing.† (Magill 1528) Kesey’s rebellious novel explores the world of mental patients struggling against authority and society through†¦show more content†¦Also, the reader knows that he is severely psychotic. Even though the Chief is a very large and powerful man, in his mind he is small and weak. He is constantly in a fog that he thinks is pumped on to the ward. With Randle P. McMurphy joining the ward, the Chief begins to grow again. The Chief and McMurphy bond, as friends, instantly. Their beds are next to each other’s and they talk about many different things every night. McMurphy learns all about the Chief’s past. However, the Chief is afraid. He is afraid that McMurphy will bring him and the other patients out of the fog. The Chief doesn’t want to come out of the fog, because he feels safe while he is in the fog. â€Å"That’s what McMurphy can’t understand, us wanting to be safe. He keeps trying to drag us out of the fog, out in the open where we’d be easy to get at.† (114) In the end, through their friendship, McMurphy brings the Chief back to reality and he makes him big again. Chief Bromden is not afraid to be out of the fog and he is grateful to McMurphy. He is so grateful; in fact, he returns the favor after McMurphy’s lobotomy and suffocates him, to set him free. In the film, however, Randle P. McMurphy is consider ed the main character. The story starts with McMurphy being admitted into the psychiatric hospital. He is a strong individual who pretends to be crazy to get out of working in a prison. The film centers on McMurphy’s character and his

Different Styles Of Yoga Therapy - 956 Words

Presentation of Evidence In 2012, 19 RCTs included 1,001 patients were analyzed in Sharma and Haider’s research. The age range of the people studied in their research was between 18 and 78 years, who were pre-hypertensive and hypertensive. Various styles of yoga were used as interventions in this study. The intervention duration was between 2 weeks and 6 months .The outcomes determined that combining yoga practices of Asanas, Pranayama, and Shivasana were to be the most efficacious in the treatment of HTN. It was also suggested that the duration of yoga therapy must be 2-3 months and the length of practice should be 2-3 times per week in order for the yoga interventions to be effective. The systematic review written by Tyagi and Cohen in 2014 included 90 studies and 6,693 participants aged over 20 years both healthy and with HTN. The study included multiple styles of yoga. The duration of intervention was between 1 week to 4 years. The outcomes were that yoga practices were useful in reducing blood pressure (BP) on both hypertensive and high-risk normotensive populations. It also clearly stated that yoga was beneficial as an adjunct treatment to manage HTN. Posadzki, Cramer, Kuzdzal, Lee, and Ernst in 2014 published another systematic review of yoga for HTN. 17 RCTs and 1,310 patients were included in this study. The age of participants were 18 years old and above with HTN. Breathing exercises, meditation, specific postures, lifestyle modification were applied asShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Yoga On The Mind Body Spirit About A Person s Overall Health Status1524 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature on the benefits of yoga show the importance that exists between the mind, body, and spirit. This review conducted shows the significance of link between the mind-body-spirit about a person’s overall health. Diversity in yoga including type, intensity, and duration are what play significant roles in the levels of perceived health benefits in comparison to traditional exercise. Thus, far stress reduction seems to be the most proposed benefit associated with yoga therapy, even though time constraintsRead MoreThe Effects Of Yoga On Diabetes Prevention And Treatment1672 Words   |  7 Pagesavailable has drawn attention to the research on effects of yoga in diabetes prevention and treatment† (Jyotsna, 2014). For instance, this researcher touches on the basic problem we face in today’s society. Many people want to turn to drugs to fix the issues which are costly. Using practices like yoga can cut down on long term drug costs and actually stop diabetes in its track. This piece specifically is going to be about the effects that yoga have on improving physical health, quality of life, andRead MoreSolution Focused Group Therapy for Depressed Individuals1360 Words   |  6 PagesS olution Focused Group Therapy on Depressed Individuals Name Institutional Affiliation Date: Solution Focused Group Therapy on Depressed Individuals People encounter various challenges in life ranging from diseases, lack of basic essential needs and psychiatric problems among others. This has given rise to various forms of therapies being adopted by specialists whilst offering solutions to depressed individuals. Group therapy has taken a center-stage in the management of depression. Butler etRead MoreEssay The Effects of Yoga in Fitness718 Words   |  3 PagesYoga is a simple process of reversing the ordinary outward flow of energy and consciousness so that the mind becomes a dynamic center of direct perception no longer dependent upon the fallible senses but capable of actually experiencing Truth (Self-Realization Fellowship). Yoga also helps a person’s physical well being. So what are the effects of yoga in fitness? Well, there are several ways that yoga affects people’s physical fitness components; there are also several benefits, and also many waysRead MoreCommon Complementary And Alternative Medical Treatment Being Yoga1224 Words   |  5 Pagesback pain is an important public health issue, with the most common Complementary and Alternative Medical treatment being yoga (Khan et al., 2016). In the randomized control trial by Sherman et al. (2011), the researchers studied stretching and yoga as an affordable and universal treatment for chronic low back pain. 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There are many focuses and principles in these methods, such as enhancing the body’s capacities and bolstering the body’s immunities for restoring and sustaining health. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a great emphasis on natural remedies; staying grounded to earth by exploring the body s interactions with allRead MoreMarket Analysis : The Spa Industry Essay800 Words   |  4 Pageshealthier life style increased significantly. The spa industry seeks to provide services, which will help to heal body, mind, and spirit. Tabacchi (2010) noted, â€Å"spa leaders spoke strongly of the need for the spa community to once more lead the way toward holistic wellness† (p.103). At the same time health industry experiencing changes and growing interests in care to holistic view, for new ways in the joint provision of services. Opportunities. 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The key words â€Å"hypertension and lifestyle interventions† were searched at the title and abstract level in PubMed , CINAHL, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed meta-analysis, systematic reviews, randomized control trials (RCT) or quasi experimental studies focused on life style modifications in the reduction of systolic blood pressure, published between 2010 and

Competitive Strategy of Microsoft Inc and Tesla Company - Sample

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategy of Microsoft Inc and Tesla Company. Answer: Microsoft Inc. Microsoft is worlds largest software and hardware producing company. It is an American multinational technological corporation having the headquarter in Washington. The company was found by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in the year 1975. Initially the company used to sell basic interpreters for the Altair 8800. Further, the company emerged in selling software for increasing efficiency of computer system. The reason for choosing Microsoft for the analysis is that the company emerged into a multinational corporation within a short period of time. This transformation led a change to the whole technological environment. Also it led to innovation by increasing the efficiency of computers and cellphones (Teece 2010). (Source: Thurrott 2014) In the current scenario Microsoft generate $85.3 billion of profit with its core business activities. Thus it is clearly known that the company is growing with a great speed. The growth of any company is due to itsstrategic management of internal process. So, the internal process of the company is really strong due to which the company is constantly gaining profits in the international markets. The company Microsoft applies the razor and blade technique to increase its sale volume. Razor and blade refers to innovative business model used by the companies to increase its sales. Under this model the company sells one of the complementary good at a lower margin to the customer and the other good at a very high margin to gain profit. Like the company Microsoft uses this model to upgrade its sales. It sells Xbox at a lower margin and gains less profit in it. But the complementary good of Xbox which are the gaming software, are sold at a very high margin. Such software incurs low cost and sold at a high margin to gain profit. Thus in this way the customer gets the benefit to receive the product (which is Xbox) at a lower price and the producer gets the advantage to gain high margin (DaSilva, Trkman 2014). So with the aid of the razor and blade technique the company ears market capitalization and trust of the customers. When the customers receives the products at relatively lower rate from the market, then instantly buys the product. Further to make use of products they need to buy softwares from the company as well, so these software have low manufacturing cost and high selling cost due to which the company earns the profit of two products from one product only. Also the company provides hardware services to its customers; initially the software is pre-installed in the system. But it expiries the customer need to install it by purchasing. The cost of software is not very high and is easily affordable by all, thus the customer also dont hesitate in buying the software. Till now it is one of the best business model used by the business to earn profit. Also this system is hard to operate as interdependence of every department is required in this model, and then only the process will work . Also it is not mandatory for all the departments to earn profit, but the organization should be in surplus. Thus it is difficult for other companies to imitate the model and gain profit (Koen, Bertels, Elsum 2011). Tesla Company Tesla Inc., formerly known as Tesla motors is energy storage and automotive manufacturing company specialized in creating electric cars and other automobiles using natural energy. The company was originated in the year 2003 by Elon Musk, JB Straubel, Martin Eberhard, Marc Tarpenning and Ian Wright. The company focuses on selling efficient automotive models at an inexpensive rate. The company crossed the limit of selling 200,000 cars in March 2017 and became second largest e-car producer company worldwide. (Source: Zach 2015) The purpose of choosing tesla motors for the competitive analysis is that the company has creatively changed the automobile industry by using models having eco-friendly characteristics and low price points as well. The fact shall also be noted that the company is repeatedly growing terms of sales which shows that the organization structure of the company is efficient due to which the company is gaining the competitive edge in the market (Zach 2015). Further the strategy used by the company to achieve market capitalization is discussed below: The strategy which helped the company in gaining the share in the market is creative innovation. As it is known that tesla strategically used the natural resources available and innovated them to recreate the products desired by the customers. This led the company to gain goodwill in the market in a short span of time; leading them differentiates from other competitors present in the market (Kelty, Tarpenning, and Kohn, Tesla Motors, Inc. 2010). The company specifically focused on providing cars with low cost batteries. As it is known that purchasing car is one time expense whereas using batteries to charge the cars is the expense which the customers have to incur till the life of automobile expires. Concerning the issue the company initiated to sell batteries at a very low rate in comparison to other companies prevailing in the market. Like, the Panasonic sold the batteries at higher prices due to which the tesla batteries were highly demanded (Paryani, Tesla Motors, Inc. 2013). Adding to it the company also provided service to the customers on their footstep which gained the faith of employee on the company leading them increase the sales. The company initiated efficient supercharger network stations which helped the customers in better optimization of the product. The company used all the resources available to them and drives them in generating sales for the company (Zach 2015) Due to increasing competition in the market the company in company also stepped into ecommerce business by providing software to the prospective customers with the help of which they can analyses all the specifications of the product and compare them with other companys products as well. As the mission of the company suggest that they believe in disclosing all the relevant information the customers along with gaining their satisfaction in direct and honest way. This approach helped the company in achieving success in long run (Mangram 2012). Thus summarizing the above statements it can be said that company stepped into the field of technology and efficiently used all the resources available to them in order to drive maximum satisfaction of the customers. References DaSilva, C.M. Trkman, P., 2014. Business model: what it is and what it is not. Long range planning, 47(6), pp.379-389. Kelty, K., Tarpenning, M. and Kohn, S., Tesla Motors, Inc., 2010. Electric vehicle communication interface. U.S. Patent 7,698,078. Koen, P.A., Bertels, H.M. Elsum, I.R., 2011. The three faces of business model innovation: Challenges for established firms. Research-Technology Management, 54(3), pp.52-59. Mangram, M.E., 2012. The globalization of Tesla Motors: a strategic marketing plan analysis. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20(4), pp.289-312. Paryani, A., Tesla Motors, Inc., 2013. Low temperature charging of Li-ion cells. U.S. Patent 8,552,693. Teece, D.J., 2010. Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long range planning, 43(2), pp.172-194. Thurrott, P., 2014, Looking for Strategy as Microsoft Enters FY15, Viewed on August 13, 2017 from https://winsupersite.com/windows/looking-strategy-microsoft-enters-fy15 Zach, 2015, Teslas Competitive Advantages 5 Big Ones, Viewed on august 24, 2017 from https://evobsession.com/tesla-competitive-advantage-5-big-ones/

Persuasive Outlines for Gay Marriage free essay sample

There are differences in a persuasive and informative speech. First, a persuasive speech means to influence your listeners to change their way of thinking to yours through factual and logical information. A persuasive speech will get your listeners to re-evaluate their view on a topic and change their beliefs. A persuasive speech is not to deliver complete information but to use information to make a convincing argument. An informative speech has the purpose to inform your listeners to a specific topic. We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Outlines for Gay Marriage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page An informative speech is to teach and educate a person or group of people on a certain subject. You are not trying to change the opinion of someone just giving new information. The differences between the two are persuasion is to get another person to see you way and change their own view on the subject. An informative speech is to teach and educate another person about a specific topic. For an example, an informative speech about cheerios would tell you how the product was made and where it comes from. Where a persuasive speech about Cheerios would tell you why you should eat them instead of say Rice Crispies. Persuasive speeches are use more by politicians, salesperson, and lawyers because their role is to get you to think their way is the right way. An informative speech is for say teachers, professors, counselors, mentors because their roles are to teach and educate you on a subject not change your views. The informational speech does not lead your listeners towards a conclusion as the persuasive speech does. gregory, H. (2008). public speaking for college carrer. boston ma : mcgraw-hill . nalven, k. (2011, june 3). differences between persausive informative speaking. Retrieved august 17, 2011, from ehow contributor: www. ehow. com

Black Plague Essays (3039 words) - HIVAIDS, Duesberg Hypothesis

Black Plague As a young adult I must endure many scary realities of this world. Everyday a new challenge, obstacle, fear stares me right in the eye. The sugarcoated, innocent, ?never ?never? land is quickly shedding from my reality and I am faced with the truths of this cynical world. Truth. Do I know the meaning of this word? What if all I have trusted had been false, what if those endless nights I lied awake worried over the latest medical news, or any news for that matter, was all just a waste of potentially productive time? What if the world as we know it was all just a hoax and a set up to make the men in the white coats rich? According to Dr. Peter Duesberg, HIV as we know it is not the cause of AIDS or death, but rather the habitual use of hard drugs and or the treatments used for HIV, AZT a very harsh medication first developed for the treatment of cancer, that is causing the immune deficiency. Before I even understood completely what sexual intercourse or intravenous drug-use was, I was told what HIV was. The ?black plague? of the 80's and 90's, killing off people by the thousands spread by unprotected sex and dirty needles. But what if this scare was purposely inflicted as an experiment on the American people or what if was all just a human error. Dr. Peter Duesberg is a professor of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He has pioneered the studies in the phenomenon that HIV is not the cause of AIDS. Dr. Duesberg is the first to isolate the cancer gene through his work on retroviruses and mapped the genetic structure of these viruses. He is an outstanding investigator recognized by the National Institutes of Health, making him more than creditable for his claim. Dr. Duesberg has challenged the virus-AIDS hypothesis claiming that the public has been misinformed. The believers in this claim feel that HIV was invented for an explanation for AIDS, and equally the treatments used were even causing the AIDS illness. Let's begin by defining HIV/AIDS according to the World Health Organization (WHO), modern science and medicine and what is being taught in classrooms and clinics all over the world. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and like any other virus can only replicate inside cells. In short, it attacks the ?T-cells? which make up our immune system. In the final course of the virus the infected person ?becomes particularly vulnerable to the opportunistic infections and cancers that typify AIDS?(pg. 1 www.charweb.com). HIV is shown to be the cause of AIDS. AIDS stands for auto immune deficiency syndrome and is defined by a severe depletion of t-cells and over 20 controversial degenerative and neoplastic diseases, and is 100% fatal. But believers in the phenomenon claim that this information is misleading and incorrect. Dr. Duesberg has proposed the hypothesis that the various AIDS diseases are brought on by the long term consumption of recreational drugs and AZT, which is prescribed to prevent or treat AIDS. In the studies and research conducted the in the correlation between HIV and AIDS many cases of AIDS show no sign of HIV. ?In the United States and Europe AIDS correlates to 95% with risk factors, such as about 8 years of promiscuous male homosexuality, intravenous drug use, or hemophilia. Since AIDS also correlates with antibody to a retrovirus, confirmed in about 40% of American cases, it has been hypothesized that this virus causes AIDS by killing T-cells. Consequently, the virus was termed human immunodefieciency (HIV) and antibody to HIV became part in the definition of AIDS.?(pg1www.duesberg.com) In other words scientist pinned HIV on this virus because HIV kills t-cells and AIDS kills T-cells so they must be one in the same? When we exam the hypothesis that HIV causes AIDS we must look at classical conditions for viral pathology, in which HIV violates. A virus replicates inside cells very rapidly and the body fights the virus through the immune system. Supposedly HIV infects the T-cells and kills them, but about 5% of all T-cells are regenerated during the 2 days that it takes the virus to infect

Free Essays on The Inspiration And Demise Of Revolutionary Leaders

he encouraged his listeners not to take oppression quietly and to challenge the hegemonic power of our society. Both Tupac and Huey strived to leave revolutionary legacies. What Huey describes as revolutionary suicide, â€Å" By surrendering my life to the revolution, I found eternal life † (Newton 162). Today both men are recognized for the impression they made on American society, but fell short of the revolutionary death that Malcom X and Dr. Martin Luther King died. Ironically Tupac and Huey both fell victim to the type of life they led. Huey died as a result of a drug deal gone bad and Tupac died as a result to what many believe to be a beef between him and another rap artist. Huey P. Newton describes this as reactionary suicide. â€Å"The reaction of a man who takes his own life in response to social condit... Free Essays on The Inspiration And Demise Of Revolutionary Leaders Free Essays on The Inspiration And Demise Of Revolutionary Leaders The Inspiration and Demise of Revolutionary Leaders Huey P. Newton and Tupac Shakur were two revolutionary soldiers from two different time periods and two different social environments. Huey was one of the founders of the Black Panther Party and Tupac, a rapper who strived to make young blacks aware of the war that they inflicted upon themselves as a result of oppression. Though from different time periods, they both exerted the same dedication to a similar movement that represented their people. â€Å"By having no family, I inherited the family of humanity† (Newton 162). Both men lived by the â€Å"I am we† (Newton, 180) concept. They believed that every man is a representative of his own people and to start a revolution in the individual is to start a revolution of a people. For this reason Huey believed that each individual person should look within himself or herself to make a change and not to a leader. Tupac’s music delivered a similar message. In an interview Tupac mentioned that black people have asked for equality for too long, â€Å"Now what do you think were going to do? Ask?† (Shakur 16). With his powerful words he encouraged his listeners not to take oppression quietly and to challenge the hegemonic power of our society. Both Tupac and Huey strived to leave revolutionary legacies. What Huey describes as revolutionary suicide, â€Å" By surrendering my life to the revolution, I found eternal life † (Newton 162). Today both men are recognized for the impression they made on American society, but fell short of the revolutionary death that Malcom X and Dr. Martin Luther King died. Ironically Tupac and Huey both fell victim to the type of life they led. Huey died as a result of a drug deal gone bad and Tupac died as a result to what many believe to be a beef between him and another rap artist. Huey P. Newton describes this as reactionary suicide. â€Å"The reaction of a man who takes his own life in response to social condit...

LTC Administrators and Alzheimers's Disease Essay

LTC Administrators and Alzheimers's Disease - Essay Example According to the Alzheimer’s Association of America, 5.3 million Americans have this disease in 2015 (Alzheimer’s Association of America, 2015). The ages for the affected individuals varies as 5.1 million of them are above the age of 65 while 200,000 are under the age of 65. The Association also states that two-thirds of the affected are women. The figures state that from the 5.3 million affected individuals 3.2 million are women while 1.9 are men. In addition, the number of patients is expected to grow each year as the proportion of Americans who are above the ages of 65 continues to grow. It is projected that by 2025, the number of people suffering from Alzheimer’s will have increased to 7.1 million and by 2050, the numbers will have already reached 13.8 million people. This is an alarming prediction since such numbers will hamper any form of research, and the chances of obtaining a medical breakthrough will be very slim. Alzheimer’s has no known cure, but there are medications if administered, can help the patients to cope with the disease (Newport, 2013). When the symptoms appear, it is advisable see a physician or a neurologist to plot the next course of action. A majority of diseases irrespective of their scope can be managed if detected early. Individuals living with Alzheimer’s need specialized care, and there are a few options for the families of the affected. They included home health care, nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Nursing homes provide personal and custodial care to the individuals who cannot do it themselves. Nursing homes are not the primary facilities for taking care of Alzheimer’s patients as well as other individuals with acute illnesses. Nursing homes bring about complaints from both the patients and the caregivers. Patients might feel that their autonomy had been eroded since they have no freedom

Eugene Smith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Eugene Smith - Essay Example He began taking photographs in 1932 and early subjects included sports, aviation and the Dust Bowl. After studying at Notre Dame University for a year he joined the staff of Newsweek. In 1938 Smith became a freelance photographer working for Life Magazine, Collier's Weekly and the New York Times. In 1942 Smith became a war correspondent and spent most of the next three years covering the Pacific War. His most dramatic photographs were taken during the invasion of Okinawa in April 1945. On 23rd May Smith was seriously wounded by a Japanese shell fragment. He was taking a photograph at the time and the metal passed through his left hand before hitting the face. Smith was forced to return to the United States and he had to endure two years of hospitalization and plastic surgery. In 1947 Smith joined Life Magazine and over the next seven years produced a series of photo-essays that established him as the world's most important photojournalist. These included essays entitled: Country Doct or, Hard Times on Broadway, Spanish Village, Southern Midwife and Man of Mercy. Granted a Guggenheim Fellowship (1956-57), Smith began a massive picture essay of Pittsburgh. Smith's last great photo-essay, Minamata (1975), deals with the residents of a Japanese fishing village who suffered poisoning and gross disfigurement from the mercury wastes of a nearby chemical company. While photographing this project he was severely beaten by several local factory workers who were opposed to the revelations that his camera exposed. An extensive collection of his work was acquired by the Center for Creative Photography at the University of Arizona in 1976. Smith severed his ties with Life again over the way in which the magazine used his photos of Albert Schweitzer. Starting from his project to document Pittsburgh, he began a series of book-length photo essays in which he strove for complete control of his subject matter. This was followed by another large project on New York (1958-59). Smith also taught photojournalism at New York's New School for Social Research and was president of the American Society of Magazine Photographers. Complications from his consumption of drugs and alcohol led to a massive stroke, from which Smith died in 1978. Today, Smith's legacy lives on through the W. Eugene Smith Fund to promote "humanistic photography," which has since 1980 awarded photographers for exceptional accomplishments in the field. Of him, he says: "I am an idealist. I often feel I would like to be an artist in an ivory tower. Yet it is imperative that I speak to people, so I must desert that ivory tower. To do this, I am a journalist-a photojournalist. But I am always torn between the attitude of the journalist, who is a recorder of facts, and the artist, who is often necessarily at odds with the facts. My principle concern is for honesty, above all honesty with myself..." His Works and Analysis: "A Walk to Paradise Garden", 1946 Smith's war wounds cost him two painful years of hospitalization and plastic surgery. During these years he took no pictures and whether he would ever be able to return to photography was doubtful. Then one day, during his period of convalescence, Smith took a walk with his two children and even though it was still intensely painful for him to operate a camera, came back with one of the

Media-Mix Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media-Mix - Case Study Example Another advertising objective is encouraging the customers' recall of past satisfaction. Tapping familiar celebrities and making them do several commercials for the product would somehow make the audience believe that these are loyal and satisfied customers which further influences them into thinking that they, too, are satisfied with the products that they purchase from Victoria's Secret. However, most of the company's advertisements are for the purposes of modifying and reinforcing their target market's attitude towards their product. This is reflected on the controversial themes of their promotional materials. The issues thrown against the ads alone could show the audience how different the product is and how bold and daring one can seem by wearing that brand (Frisby, 2000). Promotion is a company's way of reaching out to a target market or audience to communicate a certain message. To be able to transmit the message and tow a large number of consumers to buy a product, a company or manufacturer should have the most effective and appropriate promotional strategies and techniques. Victoria's Secret, as a brand and a company, has had several critics regarding the advertisement of their products. Effective as they may be, some print or broadcast advertisements roused both negative and positive reactions from supporters and detractors. Some ads just do not work for a certain part of the audience. No matter how minor this part is, it is still a vital share of the consumers. Therefore, it is also helpful to experiment with the different types of media and combine the different advertising strategies. Since this company's target market include women, specifically those who go for the fashionable and sexy lingerie and underwear, advertisements include endorsers who exhibit qualities that most women want to have. For instance, some of the print ads show sexy supermodels- the ones with physiques that young ladies work hard for. Another is selling at a particular area where customers are said to abound. In the case of Victoria's Secret, this may include schools or recreational areas where girls often hang out. This and other broadcast advertisements do not only help promote and sell the product but also extend the company's public relations and help the company expand their business. In terms of keeping guest inflow in their website, the company has used one effective strategy. Using the site as a way to get the latest info about the products and having a live simulcast of a certain event over the internet greatly support the company's promotional agenda and sales and profit in general. Evaluation As mentioned earlier, advertisements do not always suit an audience's taste and are important factors in controlling a company's sales. If a certain market finds the advertisement appealing, the product's brand or company would easily stick to their minds. An informative advertisement would stimulate curiosity among the audience and lead them to check out the product. If the advertisement is persuasive enough, then more consumers would eventually buy and support the items that that company manufactures. There are different types of media to choose from when trying to promote a certain brand or product. The

The cinema of shane meadows

The cinema of shane meadows Over the last ten years Shane Meadows has helped to create a realistic portrayal of Working classed Britain. Director of films such as; Twenty four seven, A Room for Romeo Brass, Dead mans Shoes and This is England, Shane Meadows has helped to bring and to create social realist films for a new generation. His films stand side by side with more mainstream titles such as Brassed off, The Full Monty and Billy Elliot, each helping to bring the working classes and the social issues which they have faced to the forefront of National British cinema. What this essay intends to do is to explore Shane Meadows work as a director of British films, looking directly at how the past reflects the aesthetics and conventions within his films, how his cinema embodies the spirit of working classed identity and the social issues that are touched upon within his work and also why Meadows has become a popular film maker in contemporary Britain. The essay will look at three of Meadows films in particular; TwentyFourSeven, A Room for Romeo Brass and This is England, and will analyse the relationship that each film has with one another and why he has constructed an autobiographical take upon each of these films. Shane Meadows born in 1972 in Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, grew up within a working classed community. Meadows teenaged years were in a time which saw great political change for many people in the 1980s, with the working classes seeing only negative outcome to a new British government. Industrial areas, most notably within the North of England, saw the threat of unemployment around every corner and the very essence of working classed life was destroyed by Thatchers government, in her quest for a post industrial, classless society. Meadows experiences as a youth and the political and social changes that took place within the 1980s have been established throughout Meadows works. I think my 1980s is a richer time to draw on than any other.† Meadows has said when questioned on the reasons why his own childhood experiences are prominently featured in many of his films. As a British Realist film maker, Shane Meadows has distinctly borrowed from recognisable techniques and traditions from movements of the past. His notable influences are in the New wave cinema of film makers such as Karl Reisz, Lindsay Anderson and Tony Richardson from the 1960s and Mike Leigh and Ken Loach who have contributed to socio-realist cinema throughout the 1980s up until present day. What this has meant for Meadows is that his films are able to create a recognisable identity for a nation that people can be able to associate with. By creating a bond to the cinema of New wave and Realist cinema, Meadows is able to critique our nation through the use of a popular and recognisable aesthetic which is associated with many British dramas. The British New Wave cinema was the first step into creating a realist aesthetic in British narrative films. Through the inspiration of Documentary and the Italian neo-realist films that had come before, its film makers such as Karl Reisz and Lindsay Anderson were able to create a cinema which focused upon the intent of bringing social issues to the screen through realistic interpretations. Before they contributed to narrative cinema, Anderson and Reisz focused their talents upon Documentary, in which they created a movement, known at the time as the Free Cinema movement. Their approach was opposed to the traditional expository mode which British documentary film maker John Grierson produced within his production company; GPO pictures. Griersons documentaries sought to tackle the social problems of the working class misrepresented in British cinema, by siding with them. The voice of god narration and selective viewpoint was avoided within the Free Cinema movement, providing a poetic approach that stripped their documentaries of voice-overs and the right wing political stand point of the Grierson styled documentary, became left wing, criticising the British political system by focusing on the real working class, although, from a distance. I want to make people ordinary people, not just top people feel their dignity and their importance.† Lindsay Anderson said of his commitment to presenting the working class within his works. Although Griersons approach was highly criticised by the filmmakers of the free cinema movement, it was from Grierson himself who said that documentary was The Creative treatment of actuality.† This broadly used term could simply be interpreted as the way the film maker is able to create a display of artistic elements, from the construction of real people with real problems in real settings. Implicit in the Free cinema formulation were two related conceptions of freedom: on the one hand, a freedom from commercial constraint and, on the other, a freedom to give vent to a personal or unusual, point of view of vision.† The importance of the realist aesthetic within the Free cinema documentaries and the New wave narrative film was to make it clear that the artist was at the centre of the work. This did not necessarily mean that he was involved within the film itself, but the style of the film, ideologies and messages were that the film maker was trying to get across. The other importance was the ability to create the feeling of something new, to transform the real from Meer observation but to create a poetry which was able to work upon more than one level, and it was through the representation of a group of outsiders (the working class) that the film makers were able to do this. Films such as The Loneliness of the Long distance runner, A taste of Honey, A Sporting Life and Saturday Night, Sunday Morning, shifted the emphasis from middle class idealistic families, to a focus upon the youth living and working within industrial cities, situated in the Northern areas of England. The late 1950s/early 1960s became the first time since the Second World War that workers started to benefit from decent salaries and some, an almost disposable income. The youth in particular were able to separate themselves from their work lives and the authority figures that held a grasp over them, enabling them to spend their wages on the consummation of the latest in fashionable products. This is also true of New Wave films, which focused less on the importance of work within the lives of the characters but on their leisurely activities. The decline in the working class traditions and the rise of the working classed youth became notable. They were becoming defined not by what they produce but of what they consume and this was an indicator of the times. When looking at Saturday night Sunday morning by Karl Reisz, the main protagonist, Arthur Seaton (Albert Finney) may work within the confines of a factory, but when his working is shown, it is briefly and only to underline the important images or to support the leisurely aspect of his life. E.G. when he is finishing work. By wasting his money upon a sex, drugs and almost rock and roll lifestyle he is separating himself from the authority figures that keep him in his place during his working hours. Its not a unity of a working class that can be seen within this film or many of the New wave films of the 1960s, it is very much about issues of one person in particular, in the case of Saturday night, Sunday Morning, it is Arthur. Writer John Hill stated that Despite the ostensive commitment to represent the working class, the British New Wave, through their adoption of conventional narrativity and realism, tend to have the opposing effect, that is, the creation of an accentuated individualism.† The emphasis on the individual in this working class aesthetic of the New wave films may come down to the absence of work as a dominant presence. Instead it seems that the importance of working class life, as a youth, is separating themselves from the authority figures and dominant forces of work and instead making leisure and the way in which the characters separate themselves from work in their free time. In Meadows work, there is a felt presence of the New wave films throughout his work The focus upon just one main protagonist and their personal struggle rather than the united struggle of the working class is that it is extremely difficult to represent political problems within narrative film, without a need to create a bond to the personal effects that the political has upon the working class within realist cinema. But what exactly did the filmmakers do to try and create a believable and purposeful reality, and at once avoid the idealistic and theatrical approach that the Traditional Hollywood films employed? The main focus of reality in these New Wave films is by Meadows first feature film TwentyFourSeven was released in 1997. A resurgence in British Realism lead to a shift in focus for many of the films released within the 1990s. Whereas the films of the New Wave in the 60s, focused upon the employed youths personal struggle with working classed life and the hedonistic, anti-establishment attitude they portrayed in their leisurely pursuits and the 80s saw reactions against the Thatchers governments destruction of traditional working classed values and perceptions, the 90s took upon a different perspective, with Britain very much a post industrial nation, class now determined not what they made and who they were as a unified work force, but instead was now determined by what they consumed. This perspective now shifted upon the youth of today, from pre pubescent Children to teenagers growing up on rough, poverty stricken council estates. Unemployment has left the youth in the same position and status. Samantha Lay stated that Dramas focus more tightly on family relationships and partnerships. Poverty, unemployment and social exclusion are not the driving forces of their narratives, but are merely signalled as contributory factors to family strife, so that it is the working class family that has failed, not the state or capitalist society.† British Realist films focus upon the effect that politics have had upon the class system, specifically the working class whos inevitable decline since the 1950s has lead to an alienation of masculine identity and the emphasis as class as a unification. Meadows films are about the alienation of family life and the journey of finding a place to really belong. The perspective of a child or in the case of Twenty Four Seven; Young Adults, gives Meadow a chance to see the Working Class from a different perspective. What Meadows films do which many mainstream British films do not do is to question the stereotypical view of the average British person, by keeping to a low budget, Meadows keeps the focus upon the identities within his own regional upbringing. Unemployment plays a big role within the films of the British realist aesthetic that were made within the 1980s up until our contemporary time. Children and the youth are not affected in the same in which the adults are but their perspective is of the upmost importance. The period aspect to this is England, Twenty Four Seven and A Room for Romeo Brass gives you an aspect of political change. Within the 90s and the 2000s working class focused films created a way of escaping from the reality of the situation. Characters were able to find success from the economic situations that have dragged them down, most notably through entertainment. This can be seen within films such as Billy Elliot, Brassed off, The Full Monty and to an extent Trainspotting. Each of these films proved popular to the British movie going audience and tried showing how the working class could develop and escape from the working class life that had been dragging them down. Meadows approach, although not entirely pessimistic is about the positive which comes out of the negative situations, or the defeat of people. Unstable protagonists at the start of each three films, struggle with the uneven situations that their parents are entangled within, often dragging the children down with them. It is this alienation from family life which causes distress and change from these characters. Their questionable actions often ending in violence leads to the chance meetings in which potential father figures, genuinely interested in the emotional and physical state of the these characters help the characters from emotional unrest. In This is England, Shauns violent playground fight is caused from the mention of his Dads death. His walk home from school leads to the meeting of a Skinhead gang, most notably Woody who notes Shauns unhappy presence. His happy go lucky attitude and genuine care for Shaun makes him feel wanted in a place where hes alienated not only from family life but from being part of a sub culture which will accept him for who he is, which is evident from the mocking attitude of some of Woodys friends who are not as caring as Woodys father attitude to the situation is. In A Room for Romeo Brass, the fight between Romeo and the two boys leads to the rescue from Morell who is alerted from nearby. Again, the importance of chance turns a violent hateful act, into one with positive outcomes, in which children/teenagers are brought into the world of the adult. The Subculture is what draws the children into an adults world. Leisure drives them from the woes of family life and from the authority figures which are bringing them down. The masculine father figures within Meadows films help to refocus the output of the violence of the youth that they have taken under their wing. The troubled teenagers caught in violent episodes, find new ways in which to focus their negative energies. This frustration for life in post industrial estates, in which domestic problems of parents causes great angst often leads to violence. By refocusing these ill thoughts and actions through healthy attitudes, the Father figure is able to guide the youth away from everything that is holding them back. Woodys optimistic and peaceful father figure for fatherless tearaway Shaun in This is England, enables his alienation from a social perspective to be reinstated into a group in which he belongs. The anger and frustration of these Skinhead youths does not lead to the targeting of people, but of decrepit, rundown buildings on council estates.

Biography of Nellie Tayloe Ross Essay -- Bio Biograhies Nellie Ross E

Biography of Nellie Tayloe Ross Nellie Tayloe was a woman of remarkable skills, responsibility and endurance. Before she became the first woman governor of the United States, Nellie was a kindergarten teacher and a presenter of informative papers at her local women’s group. She also helped her husband with his law practice as well as his governorship. Nellie was born in Missouri in 1876. â€Å"She was the sixth child and the first daughter of James and ‘Lizzie’ Tayloe† (Scheer, 2). Nellie was very private about her childhood and little is known about the family from which she came. The only story of her childhood that she ever shared was of her home being destroyed by a fire (Scheer, 1). In 1902, she became Nellie Tayloe Ross after marrying a successful lawyer and future governor of Wyoming, William Bradford Ross. Nellie was a stay at home mother with their four sons; twins George and James Ambrose, Alfred, who died at the age of ten months, and William Bradford II (Mackey, 26). In 1924, just one month before the general election, William Bradford Ross died of complications from appendicitis, leaving the democrats without a candidate (Thompson, 36-37). Many of Nellie’s friends, â€Å"... encouraged her to seek the Democratic Party’s nomination† (Mackey, 26). Analysis once suggested that â€Å"... women are put forward when their parties feel that they have little chance of winning and nothing to lose by nominating a controversial candidate† (Thompson, 36-37). Ross defeated Sullivan (the republican candidate) by more than 8000 votes. During her reign as Governor of Wyoming Nellie Tayloe Ross addressed many issues including the state’s budget deficit. While looking into the mining operations, Ross found that a lot of proper... ... A women’s dormitory, on the campus of the University of Wyoming, was named after her: Nellie Tayloe Ross Hall. In 1977, at the age of 101, Nellie died from a fall in her apartment near Washington D.C.. She was buried in Cheyenne, Wyoming (Scheer, 213-214). Her contributions to Wyoming helped pave the way for future generations of politicians as well as women and women’s rights. Works Cited: Mackey, Mike. "Nellie Tayloe Ross and Wyoming Politics." Journal of the West 42(2003): 25-31, 33. Scheer, Teva J. Governor Lady: The Life and Times of Nellie Tayloe Ross. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2005. Thompson, D. Claudia. "Governor Lady: The Life and Times of Nellie Tayloe Ross." Annals of Wyoming 78(2006): 36-37. Van Pelt, Lori. "Discovering Her Strength: The Remarkable Transformation of Nellie Tayloe Ross." Annals of Wyoming 74(2002): 4.

Super Resolution Mapping To Determine Shoreline Position Environmental Sciences Essay

Coastal zone and shoreline monitoring is an of import undertaking in sustainable development and environmental protection. For coastal zone monitoring, shoreline extraction in different times is a cardinal work. Features of H2O, flora and dirt make the usage of the images that contain seeable and infrared sets widely used for coastline function Conventionally, photogrammetric technique is employed to map the tide-coordinated shoreline from the aerial exposure that are taken when the H2O degree reaches the coveted degree. On site study taken at these H2O degrees are more expensive to obtain than distant feeling imagination. With the development of distant feeling engineering, orbiters can capture high-resolution imagination with the capableness of bring forthing shoreline place. In recent old ages, satellite remote feeling information has been used in automatic or semi- automatic shoreline extraction and function. Braud and Feng ( 1998 ) evaluated threshold degree slice and multi-spectral image categorization techniques for sensing and word picture of the Louisiana shoreline from 30 m spacial declaration Landsat Thematic Mapper ( TM ) imagination. They found that thresholding TM Band 5 was the most dependable methodological analysis. Frazier and Page ( 2000 ) quantitatively analyzed the categorization truth of H2O organic structure sensing and word picture from Landsat TM informations in the Wagga part in Australia. Their experiments indicated that the denseness slice of TM Band 5 achieved an overall truth of 96.9 per centum, which is every bit successful as the 6-band maximal likeliness categorization. Besides multi-spectral orbiter imagination, SAR imagination has besides been used to pull out shorelines at assorted geographic locations ( Niedermeier, et A l. 2000 ; Schw & A ; auml ; bisch et Al. 2001 ) . While the really all right spacial declaration detectors ( e.g. IKONOS ) offers increased spacial declaration, the imagination from such systems is frequently inappropriate for many users, peculiarly if a big country is to be mapped ( Mumby and Edwards, 2002 ) . Therefore, if constrained to utilize fine-to-moderate spacial declaration ( 0.10 m ) imagination, there is a desire to map the water line at a subpixel graduated table. In such state of affairss the purpose is, hence, to deduce a map that depicts the characteristic of involvement at a graduated table finer than the informations set from which it was derived, which may be achieved through a super-resolution analysis ( Tatem et al. 2001, Verhoeye and De Wulf 2002 ) . 3.2 Test site The work focused on a 38 kilometer stretch of along a seashore off the North West Cape in the north west seashore of Western Australia ( Figure 3.1 ) . The shoreline was characterized by different beaches such as flaxen beaches, muddy and drop and facing to the Exmouth Gulf in the Indian Ocean. Exmouth Gulf is really shallow, with an mean deepness of about 10 m and northerly confronting drowned river vale in northwest Australia reverse estuarine embayment on the northwest shelf of Australia. The tidal scope is less than 2 m and varies little between neap and spring tides. The Exmouth part is exposed to preponderantly south to southeasterly air currents throughout the twelvemonth ( Bureau of Meteorology, 1988 ; Lough, J.M. , 1998. Coastal clime of northwest Australia and comparings with the Great Barrier Reef: 1960 to 1992. Coral Reefs 17, pp. 351-367. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus ( 10 ) Lough, 1998 ) . During spring and summer by and large moderate ( 21-30 kilometers per hour ) southward winds dominate, and fall and winter records show by and large lighter ( 11-20 kilometers per hour ) air current velocities with fluctuations between the dominant sou'-east air current and north to northeast air currents. The air current government is controlled chiefly by the interplay of the southeasterly trade air current system and the west coast-generated sea zephyr, in concurrence with a local sea zephyr developed within the Gulf. australia1-edit.JPG Figure 3.1: Location of shoreline trial site ( shaded ) and selected as had scope of morphologies in a survey country. 3.3 Data sets The survey used a series of harsh spacial declaration National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) images over survey site to bring forth a ace declaration image. For this survey, the shoreline was defined as the place of the boundary between H2O and land at the clip satellite imagery acquisition. The NOAA series of orbiters which each carry the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer ( AVHRR ) detector. These detectors collect planetary information on a day-to-day footing for a assortment of land, ocean, and atmospheric applications. Specific applications include forest fire sensing, flora analysis, weather analysis and prediction, climate research and anticipation, planetary sea surface temperature measurings, ocean kineticss research and hunt and deliverance ( CCRS, 1998 ) . 3.3.1 AVHRR detector features AVHRR informations set is comprised of informations collected by the AVHRR detector and held in the archives of the Geoscience Australia. Carried aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration`s ( NOAA ) Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite series, the AVHRR detector is a broad-band, 4- or 5-channel scanning radiometer, feeling in the seeable, near-infrared, in-between infrared and thermic infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. It provides planetary on board aggregation of informations over a 2399 kilometer swath. The detector orbits the Earth 14 times each twenty-four hours from an height of 833 kilometer. In this survey, NOAA images acquired from Geoscience Australia and NOAA antenna in Alice Springs permits acquisition of twenty-four hours and night-time base on ballss. There are usually about two day-time base on ballss per orbiter and two night-time base on ballss per orbiter. The detector parametric quantities as shown Table 3.1. Merely informations acqui red in Channel 2 ( 0.725 – 1.00 Â µm ) was used for this survey because land H2O boundaries clearly seen on the image. Table 3.2 shows an AVHRR Spectral Characteristics. Table 3.1: Spacecraft Parameters Swath breadth 2399km Resolution at low-water mark 1.1km approx. Altitude 833km Quantization 10 spot Orbit type Sun synchronal Number of orbits per twenty-four hours 14.1 ( approx. ) Table 3.2: AVHRR Spectral Characteristics Channel No. Wavelength Typical usage NOAA-15, 16, 17, 18 ( Â µm ) 1 0.58 – 0.68 Daytime cloud and surface function 2 0.725 – 1.00 Land-water boundaries 3 N/A Night cloud function, sea surface temperature 3A 1.58 – 1.64 Snow and ice sensing 3B 3.55 – 3.93 Night cloud function, sea surface temperature 4 10.30 – 11.30 Night cloud function, sea surface temperature 5 11.50 – 12.50 Sea surface temperature 3.3.2 Reference Data Landsat TM information of the North West Cape, Australia was acquired on 24 August 2007 with a spacial declaration 30 m ( Figure 3.2 ) . The Landsat way was 115 and WRS Row 075 were geometrically corrected and georeferenced to WGS 84 ( universe co-ordinate system ) .o Georeference imagination is defined imagination which has been corrected to take geometric mistakes and transformed to a map projection. Georeferenced image rectification can take one of the two signifiers, systematic and preciseness. Systematic rectification involves utilizing orbital theoretical accounts of the orbiter plus telemetry informations to happen the approximate relationship between the image and the map coordinates. Precision rectification uses land control points to register the image to absolute geographical co-ordinates. In other words, in a geo-referenced image the pels and lines are non aligned to the map projection grid geo-referenced image the pels and lines are non aligned to the map projection grid . A Landsat 5 TM scene has an instantaneous field of position ( IFOV ) of 30 m by 30 m ( 900 square metres ) in bands 1 through 5 and band 7, and an IFOV of 120 m by 120 m ( 14,400 square metres ) on the land in set 6. Merely band 4 ( 0.76 – 0.90 Â µm ) was used for delineate a shoreline. landsat1.JPG Figure 3.2: Landsat 5 TM informations over study country. Acquired day of the month: 24 August 2007 3.4 Method In the context of ace declaration techniques, it is assumed that several harsh spacial images can be combined into a individual all right spacial image to increase the spacial declaration content. The harsh spacial images can non all be indistinguishable and there must be some fluctuation between them, such as translational gesture analogue to the image plane ( most common ) , some other type of gesture ( rotary motion, traveling off or toward the camera ) , or different screening angles. In general, ace declaration can be broken down into two wide parts: I ) enrollment of the alterations between the harsh spacial images, and two ) Restoration, or synthesis, of the harsh spacial images into a all right spacial image ; this is a conceptual categorization merely, as sometimes the two stairss are performed at the same time. In this survey, the aim is to bring forth all right spacial declaration image from multiple harsh declaration images. Fine spacial declaration image has been applied with object designation methods which may build with regard to image enrollment and super-resolution building. All parametric quantities are used iteratively and do object designation secured from mistake response and been processed in hardiness, accurate and preciseness manner. 3.4.1. Image Registration Image enrollment is the procedure of covering two or more images of the same scene taken at different times, from different point of views or by different detectors. Image enrollment is a important measure in all image analysis undertakings in which the concluding information is gained from the combination of assorted informations beginnings like in image merger. Image enrollment consists of following four measure ; characteristic sensing, characteristic matching, transform theoretical account appraisal and image resampling and transmutation. i. Geometric Registration The geometric deformations present in airborne remotely perceived images may be categorized into system-independent and system-dependent deformations. The system independent deformations are caused by the gesture of the detector and by surface alleviation. Figure 3.3 shows on instance of images which are related by a planar projective transmutation or alleged planar homography. There are two different state of affairss where ( a ) images of a plane viewed under arbitrary camera gesture and ( B ) image of an arbitrary 3D scene viewed by a camera revolving about its ocular Centre or zooming. Figure 3.3: Two imaging scenarios for which the image-to-image correspondence is captured by a planar homography ( Capel and Zimmerman, 2003 ) Under a planar homography, points are mapped as: ten ‘ = Hx, where ten ‘ correspondence point of mention points x in other image and H is a 9 transmutations projection. The different of planar homography based on transmutation matrix attack below: or equivalently ; ( 3.1 ) ten ‘ = Hx The tantamount non-homogeneous relationship is ( 3.2 ) The scenario depicts in which homography will happen when a freely traveling camera views a really distant scene, such instance in airborne remote sansing ( Forte and Jones, 1999 ) . ( two ) Photometric Registration Photometric enrollment refers to the process by which planetary photometric transmutations between images are estimated. This enrollment traveling to use a theoretical account which allows for an affine transmutation ( contrast and brightness ) per RGB shows below. 3.3formula3.GIF Where, r1, g1, b1 are RGB channel in image 1 while r2, g2, b2 indicate RGB channel in image 2. Matrix A is used to calculate the remainder of brightness and contrast ? . Image enrollment of homography image concludes in Figure 3.4, last two stairss iterate until the figure of itelaration is stable. method.GIF Figure 3.4: Procedure to gauge a homography between two images. In order to deduce ace declaration image utilizing multiple series of low declaration images, all images need to register at the same time and corrections may easy implemented. Block bundle accommodation traveling to be considered as the best calculator to calculate all braces of back-to-back frames in the input sequence. Parameters such as interlingual renditions, rotary motions, graduated table, contrast and brightness, characteristic base enrollment, RANSAC ( RANdom SAmple Consensus ) and fiting could be done at the same time in every image brace. Generative image formation theoretical account is the best image formation algorithms which may see geometric transmutation of n images, point spread map which uniting effects of optical fuzz and gesture fuzz, down-sampling operator by a factor S where trying rate traveling to be entree, scalar light parametric quantities and observation noise. This theoretical account is generalized as follows: formula4.GIF f = mulct spacial declaration image gn = nth observed harsh spacial declaration image ?n = geometric transmutation of n-th image H = point dispersed map sv = down-sampling operator by a factor S ?n, ?n = scalar light parametric quantities ?n = observation noise 3.5 Hard categorization To distinguish between land and H2O organic structure a difficult classifier was applied to the fake coarse spacial declaration orbiter detector imagination. The maximal likeliness difficult classifier used to sort the harsh spacial declaration imagination ( NOAA AVHRR ) . The same preparation sites used in sorting the all right spacial declaration image ( cite informations ) were used ( Figure 4.5 ) . Using these developing sets the 20 m imagination was classified to 2 categories ( land and H2O ) . The resulting image ( Figure 3.7 ) would subsequently be analysed to find the positional mistake between the predicted shoreline location and the existent location based on the land informations. densitynooa.jpg ( a ) densitylandsat.jpg ( B ) Figure 3.5: ( a ) 1100 m spacial declaration and ( B ) 30 thousand spacial declaration classified imagination 3.7 Soft Categorization Difficult categorization techniques have been popular in distant feeling but they merely assign one category to a certain pel ( Jensen, 1996 ) . As shoreline pels normally contain a mixture of land and H2O categories, information within a pel is lost. A major job for accurate reading of distant feeling informations is related to the fact that pels may incorporate more than 2 categories which would merely be realised from land activities ( Foody, 1992. To turn to this job research workers have developed methods to deduce estimations of the sub-pixel category composing through the usage of techniques such as mixture modeling and soft or fuzzed categorizations ( Foody, 1996 ) . Soft classifiers allow pels to hold variable grades of rank to multiple categories. Soft classifiers assign a rank class between 0 and 1 to each category in a pel. This allows a pel to be associated to multiple categories instead than merely to one category as in conventional difficult classifiers. The end product of the soft categorization for each pel was an indicant of the comparative rank to the two categories and, in the country where rank was greatly assorted, this was taken as an estimation of the relative screen of the constituent categories ( figure 3 ) . noaa.jpglegend.GIF Figure 3.6: End product of soft categorization. The gray graduated table indicates the grade of rank to the land category. 3.8 Super declaration Maping The water line was mapped from the ace declaration image generate from the series of harsh spacial declaration image.. The same preparation sites were used in all the categorizations. As a benchmark, a conventional difficult categorization was used to foretell the water line from the fake image. The water line was fitted to the derived end product of this categorization by weaving it between pels allocated to the different categories. sr.JPG ( a ) density_sr.JPG ( B ) sr.JPG ( degree Celsius ) Figure 3.7: Ace declaration technique ( a ) individual image ( B ) difficult categorization of ace declaration image ( degree Celsius ) water line word picture. 3.tif ( a ) 5.tif ( B ) 12a.tif ( degree Celsius ) 15a.tif ( vitamin D ) 20.tif ( vitamin E ) 20.tif ( degree Fahrenheit ) Figure 3.8: End product of ace declaration technique ( a ) 3 images ( B ) 5 images ( degree Celsius ) 12 images ( vitamin D ) 15 images ( vitamin E ) 30 images ( degree Fahrenheit ) 50 images. 3.8 Positional Error Analysis End product from a difficult and soft categorization produces images with pels values stand foring the proportion of a certain category within pels. But it does non bespeak where within a pel these categories are located. To turn to this job, methods of administering the proportion within each pel to different categories were explored. The truth of shoreline maps generated at each spacial declaration from application of the difficult categorization, soft categorization and ace declaration method from multiple images were analysed for survey country ( Figure 3.1 ) . For each infusion and coarse-spatial declaration image, the truth of the shoreline anticipation derived was determined by comparing the to the Landsat 5 TM informations for every meter of the shoreline ( Table 3.3 ) The positional truth along the 38km length of shoreline in each infusion is shown in Table 3.3: Positional truth of the each method. Method Hard Classification Soft Categorization Super Resolution RMSE ( m ) 72.2 m 32.1 m 1 image: 14.8 m 3 Images: 7.21 m 5 Images: 6.25 m 12 Images: 5.33 m 15 Images: 5.17 m 30 Images: 5.08 m 50 Images: 8.07 Measure RSME ( m )

Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in an Atom

Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in an Atom The three parts of an atom are positive-charged protons, negative-charged electrons, and neutral neutrons. Follow these simple steps to find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for an atom of any element. Key Takeaways: Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.Protons carry a positive electrical change, while electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons are neutral.A neutral atom has the same number of protons and electrons (charges cancel each other out).An ion has an unequal number of protons and electrons. If the charge is positive, there are more protons than electrons. If the charge is negative, electrons are in excess.You can find the number of neutrons if you know the isotope of the atom. Simply subtract the number of protons (the atomic number) from the mass number to find the remaining neutrons. Get Basic Information About Elements Youll need to gather basic information about the elements to find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Fortunately, all you need is a periodic table. For any atom, what you need to remember is: Number of Protons Atomic Number of the Element Number of Electrons Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Mass Number - Atomic Number Find the Number of Protons Each element is defined by the number of protons found in each of its atoms. No matter how many electrons or neutrons an atom has, the element is defined by its number of protons. In fact, its actually possible to have an atom consisting of only a proton (ionized hydrogen). The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic number, so the number of protons is the element number. For hydrogen, the number of protons is 1. For zinc, the number of protons is 30. The element of an atom with 2 protons is always helium. If you are given the atomic weight of an atom, you need to subtract the number of neutrons to get the number of protons. Sometimes you can tell the elemental identity of a sample if all you have is the atomic weight. For example, if you have a sample with an atomic weight of 2, you can be pretty certain the element is hydrogen. Why? Its easy to get a hydrogen atom with one proton and one neutron (deuterium), yet you wont find a helium atom with an atomic weight of 2 because this would mean the helium atom had two protons and zero neutrons! If the atomic weight is 4.001, you can be confident the atom is helium, with 2 protons and 2 neutrons. An atomic weight closer to 5 is more troublesome. Is it lithium, with 3 protons and 2 neutrons? Is it beryllium with 4 protons and 1 neutron? If youre not told the element name or its atomic number, its hard to know the correct answer. Find the Number of Electrons For a neutral atom, the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons. Often, the number of protons and electrons is not the same, so the atom carries a net positive or negative charge. You can determine the number of electrons in an ion if you know its charge. A cation carries a positive charge and has more protons than electrons. An anion carries a negative charge and has more electrons than protons. Neutrons do not have a net electric charge, so the number of neutrons does not matter in the calculation. The number of protons of an atom cannot change via any chemical reaction, so you add or subtract electrons to get the correct charge.  If an ion has a 2 charge, like Zn2, this means there are two more protons than electrons. 30 - 2 28 electrons If the ion has a 1- charge (simply written with a minus superscript), then there are more electrons than the number of protons. For F-, the number of protons (from the periodic table) is 9 and the number of electrons is: 9 1 10 electrons Find the Number of Neutrons To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you need to find the mass number for each element.  The periodic table lists the atomic weight for each element, which can be used to find mass number, For hydrogen, for example, the atomic weight is 1.008. Each atom has an integer number of neutrons, but the periodic table gives a decimal value because it is a weighted average of the number of neutrons in the isotopes of each element. So, what you need to do is round the atomic weight to the nearest whole number to get a mass number for your calculations.  For hydrogen, 1.008 is closer to 1 than 2, so lets call it 1. Number of Neutrons Mass Number - Number of Protons   1 - 1 0 For zinc, the atomic weight  is 65.39, so the mass number is closest to 65. Number of Neutrons 65 - 30 35

The Invention and History of the Altimeter

The Invention and History of the Altimeter The altimeter is an instrument that measures vertical distance with respect to a reference level. It can give the altitude of the land surface above sea level or the altitude of an airplane over the ground. French physicist  Louis Paul Cailletet  invented the altimeter and the high-pressure manometer. Cailletet was the first to liquefy oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and air in 1877. He had been studying the composition of gases given off by iron in the blast furnace of his fathers ironworks. At the same time, Swiss physician Raoul-Pierre Pictet liquefied oxygen using another method. Cailletet had an interest in aeronautics, which led to developing an altimeter to measure the altitude of an airplane. Version 2.0 AKA the  Kollsman Window In 1928, a German-American inventor named Paul Kollsman changed the world of  aviation with the invention of the worlds first accurate barometric altimeter, which was also called the â€Å"Kollsman Window.† His altimeter converted barometric pressure into the distance above sea level in feet. It even allowed pilots to fly blind. Kollsman was born in Germany, where he studied civil engineering. He emigrated to the United States in 1923 and worked in New York as a truck driver for Pioneer Instruments Co. He formed the Kollsman Instrument Company in 1928 when Pioneer didnt accept his design. He had then-Lieutenant Jimmy Doolittle conduct a test flight with the altimeter in 1929 and was eventually able to sell them to the United States Navy. Kollsman sold his company to the Square D Company in 1940 for four million dollars. The Kollsman Instrument Company eventually became a division of Sun Chemical Corporation. Kollsman also went on to file hundreds of other patents, including those for converting salt water into fresh water and for a slip-resistant bathroom surface. He even owned one of the earliest ski areas in the United States, Snow Valley in Vermont. He married actress Baroness Julie Luli Deste and purchased The Enchanted Hill estate in Beverly Hills. The Radio Altimeter   Lloyd Espenschied invented the first radio altimeter in 1924.  Espenschied was a native of St. Louis, Missouri who graduated from the Pratt Institute with a degree in electrical engineering. He was interested in wireless and radio communications and worked for telephone and telegraph companies. He eventually became the director of high-frequency transmission development at Bell Telephone Laboratories.   The principle  behind how it works involves monitoring a beam of radio waves transmitted by an aircraft and their time to return as reflected from the ground to calculate altitude above the ground. The radio altimeter differs from the barometric altimeter in showing altitude above the ground below rather than above sea level. That is a critical difference for improved flight safety. In 1938, the FM radio altimeter was first demonstrated in New York by Bell Labs. In the first public display of the device, radio signals were bounced off the ground to show pilots the altitude of an aircraft. Besides the altimeter, he was also the co-creator of the coaxial cable, an important component of television and long-distance telephone service. He held over 100 patents in communications technology.

Operations Management and Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operations Management and Tesco - Essay Example Signboards with directional arrows were found to hang from the ceiling. Commodities were segregated on the basis of different parameters, each type being found at one place. The positioning of items was so done as to optimise space and also allow easy access to the customers. An interesting feature of the store is the open space that facilitates movement of products as well as customers. The entire arrangement has been designed in a way that ensures minimum collision between people moving inside the store. Surveillance cameras are installed at strategic points that keep an eagle eye on possible shop lifters. In operations management, the 4 V's are commonly defined as volume, variety, variation and visibility. In a large supermarket like that of Tesco's, all of them could be sensed, though in varying proportion. (Slack N., et al, 2007) The supermarket offers only one service that being providing commodities to customers. However, this is not the all. The uniqueness of the super market lies in the fact that it provides a plethora of goods and other necessary items for sale. It allows the customers the freedom to shop groceries, garments, accessories, cosmetic products, beverages and toiletries all at the same place. In addition to this, customers can also enjoy free home delivery services in case their purchase bills exceed certain pre determined limits. The volume of operations is thus, very high. Continuing from the volume analysis, the variety of services that a customer receives from the supermarket is high. It also needs to be mentioned that it depends on the customer whether she would like to enjoy the whole range of services provided. For example, many people were seen to visit the garments and electronics goods section but none of them purchased from there. In the strictest sense of the term the variety is very high. The store which was visited had maximum number of customers purchasing grocery and food items. Variation in sales happens depending on the product. Generally, food items have a moderate level of demand. Garments are in high demand only in certain seasons. However, variation in sales was also experienced throughout the day. Towards the evening, there was a rise in the number of customers purchasing hard drinks, beer and fruit shakes. Visibility, as defined in theories of operation management, is very low. Customers seldom can see how the shelves are getting filled up or the source from where frozen foods are obtained. Most of the rearrangement is done during the early morning or late night after the store gets closed for customers. The Layout, Flow and Use of Process Technologies In a supermarket, the layout and flow of various products are of paramount importance. It has to be borne in mind that placing of the products plays an important role both for the customers as well as the service provider. In the visited store, the layout was more like a process layout. Items of same kind were placed at one place. Among the items of same kind, the heavier ones were placed in a manner that would make it easy for the customer to carry it. Personal items and toiletries were found to be arranged in columns, the bigger packets forming the base and the smaller ones

Global economic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Global economic - Assignment Example Simon, an economist, and P. Ehrlich, a biologist (Economist 2011). In the book of Ehrlich under the title ‘Population bomb’ reference is made to five metals, the price of which was expected to increase in the following ten years because of the increase of population globally; a bet has been set between Ehrlich and Simon who opposed the above argument, noting that no such increase would take place, a view that was verified up to 1990s (Economist 2011). According to the article, if the above issue were reviewed now, a different result would be revealed. Indeed, if the views of these scientists were compared today, Ehrlich would have won the bet (Economist 2011). In other words, the article aims to highlight the different effects of growth of global population, as reported through the decades. It is noted that in the past, the effects of the increase of population globally would be less negative for the environment compared to today; this view is based mostly on the argumen t of the World Bank that the global food production would have to increase by about 70% by 2050, so that the food needs of global population, estimated to 9 million in 2050, to be covered (Economist 2011). However, it has been proved that areas with stable population, like Europe and USA (Economist 2011) tend to affect more the global climate, compared to countries where the level of population is unstable. Under these terms, it is suggested that the control on the rate of growth of population should be developed both at state and at family level. 2nd version The rate of increase of population globally has been often considered as related to the economy of countries worldwide. At the same time, the effects of increase of population on global climate seem to be important. However, these views have not been standardized through the decades. For example, according to the book ‘The Population Bomb’ of Ehrlich, the increase of global population between 1980 and 1990 could le ad to the increase of the price of five metals: ‘copper, chromium, nickel, tin and tungsten’ (Economist 2011). By 1990, no such increase occurred, a fact that was already highlighted by Ehrlich opponent, Julian Simon (Economist 2011). In the years that followed, a different trend appeared: it was made clear that the increase of global population could lead to the increase of food required for covering people’s daily food needs, an issue highlighted by the World Bank (Economist 2011). In addition, it was proved that the increase of global population could negatively affect the environment. It seems though that the economic and environmental effects of the increase of global population are more intensive in rich countries, like USA and China. Introducing a birth-control policy, as in China, would minimize such risks. Still, the article notes that the control on global population should be rather based on appropriate family planning and less on the intervention of s tate, which can lead to severe demographic and economic turbulences, as in the case of China. In the above country, the one-child policy promoted by the government has helped to control the excessive increase of population, which would have adverse effects on the country’s economy and climate, but this policy is expected to lead to the radical decrease of the country’s working population in the near future (Economist 2011). B. Peck, Don. â€Å"Can The Middle Class Be Saved?† Atlantic Monthly September 2011 1st version Commonly,

Brand Terrorism - a Powerful Corporate Responsibility Research Proposal

Brand Terrorism - a Powerful Corporate Responsibility - Research Proposal Example Most companies are carrying out eco-promising activities on websites, advertisements, and on the products themselves. These eco-promises can focus a particular issue such as organic or focus on the inputs’ characteristics such as chemical-free.The proliferation of both eco-labels and environmental claims cause confusion to many customers. This confusion creates uncertainty to customers about the claims to trust and when deciding the best way of making environmentally friendly purchases (Blowfield and Murray 2011, p. 56). Â  Currently, many companies, spotting this issue are working together with governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to ensure that business organizations use convincingly and honest labeling, and eco-promising principle. It is my hope that this report provides an essential and useful basis that will help end this brand terrorism issue. The report also concludes with some recommendations that companies and consumers must follow and practices in order to get rid of this on-going collaboration and dialogue.The issue of brand terrorism/greenwashing has risen dramatically in recent years. The accelerating number of bolds’ commitments in high-profile organizations evidence this. Greenwashing refers to the practices carried out by many companies to make misleading or unsubstantiated environmental claims to benefit their products, services, or technology. Â  Greenwashing tends to make an organization a more environmentally friendly more than really it does. Companies also use this practice to create a difference between its products and those of its competitors by promising that their products and services have a more efficient power use or are cost-effective. The organization should value the significance of the brand.This has highly increased the need to communicate about the environmental attributes to customers concerning the products and services they purchase. This drive involves claims to improve environmental cred entials. Many companies are currently trying to improve product sourcing in relation to fish and forest, and cleaner production processes as well as the use of low harmful chemicals. In addition, most companies are taking steps to decrease the environmental footprint.

How to Support Bilingualism in Early Childhood Essay Example for Free

How to Support Bilingualism in Early Childhood Essay Bilingualism is very important. Although most people speak English in this country, there is not really a national language in the United States of America. However, speaking more than one language will, without a doubt, get you father. Many children that enter early childhood centers have another primary language. Although it is very important that all the children learn English, it is just as important that they do not lose their first language. Besides being able to keep close to your roots and communicate with your family, being bilingual can open doors professionally. This in itself is a great reason to make sure schools support bilingualism. Accepting the child’s first language is a great step to show respect for the child and his culture and family. This acceptance is important in the early years, especially when the child first enters preschool / daycare. In showing tolerance and acknowledgement to the primary language, the child will feel comfortable in the classroom and this will make the transition to go much smoother. This article continues to explain ways in which educators and school staff can support bilingualism. Preschools and daycares play an important role in the lives of the children. The seeds we plant about bilingualism will grow forever in that child. As we accept and learn, so will the children. If we were to treat this in a negative manner, the children will perceive it that way as well. Getting to know the families in our centers is imperative. Knowing what language they speak and where they come from is a sure way to make them feel secure and comfortable. As stated in the article, the attitudes of the staff are essential to supporting bilingualism. Making sure that staff members speak both English and another language (majority at center) is the first step in having a bilingual school/program. It is never â€Å"ok† to simply disregard the native language of the child or the child’s family. Parents should continue to speak in their native language and no one should make that child feel embarrassed or ashamed to speak another language. This article is pro children and pro responsibility. As educators, it is our duty to have our children reach for the highest goal possible. It is our responsibility to take the children far in life. Guiding children and their families towards bilingualism is a great way to give value to immigrant families. Achieving the â€Å"American dream† does not mean leaving your roots behind. Having a strong self-esteem includes being proud of ourselves and where we come from. Teachers need to nurture this.

The Christian Perspective in An Essay on Man -- Alexander Pope Essay o

The Christian Perspective in An Essay on Man  Ã‚     Ã‚   Some might argue that Alexander Pope's "An Essay on Man" presents the viewpoint of a deist. Others might claim that the poem fails to exhibit Christian concepts of good and evil, especially since the poet concludes his first epistle with the seemingly unchristian claim that "whatever IS, is Right" (I. 1. 294).    Yet Pope's arguments actually reflect a traditional Christian perspective, which can be verified by comparing his poem with New Testament teachings.   In his attempt to vindicate God in the face of suffering, he does not, like the pantheist, rule out the existence of evil. Pope knows that men are capable of vice and that suffering is real. Pope does not argue that evil does not exist; rather he argues that its existence does not preclude the justice of God. Like the writers of the New Testament, particularly the apostle Paul, Pope claims that pride and envy leads man to question the justice of God, and he insists that men submit to God, remaining content with th eir lot in life. Although Pope claims that "[o]ne truth is clear, `Whatever IS, is RIGHT'" (I. 1.294), he recognizes suffering: But errs not nature from this gracious end, From burning suns when livid deaths descend, When earthquakes swallow, or when tempest sweep Towns to one grave, whole nations to the deep?   (I. ll. 140-143) Pope does not only acknowledge the existence of evil. He describes it in vivid detail. In the above passage, he paints a horrid picture of plagues caused by excessive heat, of destructive earthquakes, and of storms that decimate entire towns and nations. He writes too of Ammon, who was turned "loose to scourge mankind" (I. l. 160). He may argue that nature does not err t... ...realizes this himself for a moment at the end of the second epistle. For he does not conclude by attempting to explain the existence of evil. Rather, he says only that "one comfort still must rise, / 'Tis this, Tho' Man's a fool, yet GOD IS WISE" (II. ll. 292-293). In the end, it is better to believe that every man (including Pope) is a fool for failing to explain evil than to believe that God is not wise for allowing it. This couplet is one further proof of the Christian influence in Pope's "An Essay on Man." In the Epistle to the Romans, Paul writes: "Let God be true, but every man a liar" (Romans 3:4).   Works Cited Pope, Alexander. "An Essay on Man." Ed. Gordon N. Ray. Boston: Houghton Miflin Company, 1969. The New American Bible. Nashville: Catholic Publishers, Inc., 1971. The King James Bible. Cleveland: The World Publishing Company, 1967.   

Human Resources Essay

There are quite a few differences in which the knowledge theory in different professional settings such as educational, human resources, service, etc. can be manifested. This human resource outline will incorporate three major contextual levels, with the first level addressing knowledge theory themes, the second relating aspects of that theme, and the third denoting the organizations to which they apply. According to the theory of knowledge that was introduced by Kant, it is a product of doubt and this theory helps us to distinguish right from wrong after examining the things that can be trusted and ones that cannot be trusted. Differentiating data and inferences is something debatable and the philosophers believe that this distinction is illusory and that all knowledge can either be immediate and derivative. (Theory of Knowledge. info, n. d. ). Definition of knowledge The way that we should use in order to impart knowledge is important. For this, we have to make the other person belief that knowledge is true, furthermore the words that we use to impart that information play a very vital role. The behavior of the people in the work settings can then be judged after which they analyze the truth in the logic and it should not be vague, however people in different work settings might react in a different manner. Data Data is basically raw information and knowledge can be a characteristic of behavior that can be mental or physical. Methods of Inference The important forms of inference for theory of knowledge are those in which we infer the existence of something having certain characteristics from the existence of something having certain other characteristics, furthermore there is a probability if the knowledge might be true or false as well as limitation of variety. We acquire knowledge from our surroundings, our past experiences, our perceptions about certain things, etc. Our understanding is also affected by how we take the things. One of the problems that occurs due to the theory of knowledge is what knowledge is or what it comes from or is there any such thing actually present or not, therefore this fact is somehow true that different professional settings have different theories of knowledge. Educational Setting The knowledge theory theme in the educational setting would have the basic need to impart knowledge to the people who come to seek education. People educate themselves for the sole motive of seeking more information and knowledge so that they can develop a core competency over the others. Examples of such a setting can be any school, college or university. Other than a formal educational institute, people also learn a lot at their work especially in the learning organizations. (Christner, Freeman & Mennuti, 2005). Human Resource Setting The duty of the leader is to make innovation and the leader must know all the basic requirements of being an HR manager. He should have the skills of hiring and selecting new candidates after which he must evaluate which ones to select and these which ones to train once they are selected. Just like the strategy that is adopted by Wal-Mart does i. e. selecting the right candidate for the right position is one of the essential needs of an organization and after the selection; the leaders should encourage their juniors to suggest ideas that could lead to creativity and innovation. Furthermore, it is essential for the organization to reward its employees and to support along with proper amalgamation. This will ensure that the processes are applied to the organizations. This is because an organization is big or small; they need an HR department to manage their human resources well. Evans, 2003). Service Setting In the service sector, knowledge is the main thing on which these types of work setting exist. Services are intangible in nature and so they cannot be seen or touched, however they can be felt and the customer can measure the performance of a service by determining how much satisfied he is with the services that were being rendered to him. The US economy is mostly based on the services. Most of the US citizens work in the service sector. Examples can include doctors, consultants and teachers, etc. Conclusion While comparing the differences of how knowledge theory is manifested in educational, human resources, service settings, it is thus clear that all three require different theories and knowledge to operate. Educational setting enables us to examine how knowledge can be applied in an organization and this can be done by using knowledge management techniques that help in better decision making and better way of communication that leads to enhancement. Human resource setting is basically how to manage the human skills while service setting is about the ambience and physical environment in which a service occurs and is also called services cape.

English as a Global language Essay

Discuss the positive and negative impacts of having English as global language Over the last decades English has played an important role around the world as common language for economic, education, scientific and entertainment exchange between nations and in particular between people. The positive aspect is that English language open doors in terms of global communication and business, because this language has become a powerful tool in terms of improving productivity and driving growth where it is used . However, there are also a number of significant negative aspects such as English dominance and loss of languages mainly driven by globalization. Therefore, this essay will argue the negative impacts of having English as a global language because of the way English language affects young people’s linguistic skills and behaviour through mass media. Using English as an international language has some benefits in people’s lives. Firstly, the major positive effect is global communication due to the widespread coverage recognized and understood by people everywhere. One example of how English has helped to improve communication in the world is given by Crystal (2002) English language was implemented in aviation field after the second world war, when the International Aviation Organisation agreed with the objective of traffic control safety. This is important because having one common worldwide language is in a very real sense the final safety net. Additionally, English is the widespread language in education due to the great influence of English in several fields, where communication is the key in order to improve development and knowledge (Weil and Pullin 2011). In fact, today this language is used to normal medium instruction in higher education for many  countries, including several where the language has no official status. What is more, it is that English has had positive impact in business because it is an important tool in terms of driving growth and international development. There are some significant examples in multinational corporations such as Siemens which is the largest electricalengineering  companies in the world located in Germany. Since 2002 the corporate language is English (Fredricksson, Barner-Rasmussen & Piekkari 2006). It is clear that companies use English not only for productivity but also for integrating people at work. Allied to this another case is in Deutsche Bank which implemented English as a common language for meetings, in order to achieve efficiency (Rogerson-Revel 2006). It can be seen then that English language has positive effects in people’s lives not only in everyday life but also in specific fields such as aviation, education and business. However, if one looks closely to the situation of minority languages there are a number of negative aspects of having English as a worldwide tongue. One of these is English dominance. Actually, language plays an important role in terms of influencing people’s behaviour through mass media such as movies, satellite TV and DVDs which can be viewed almost universally, examples of this such as Hollywood Films, TV Series and CNN news (Morris 2002). The effect of mass media does not stop when the movie or program ends. This lingering effect might just be the cause of behavioural changes in people. Another example of the English media dominance is given by Kaul (2011) who argues that most language’s scholars think that the television companies especially from the US have created a variety of programs such as Bloomberg, MTV music television and National Geographic in order to cover different audiences and as a result influences on people’s thinking. It is clear that English has negative consequences on  people through mass media communications due to the influence on their mentality. Language loss is another negative effect of English as global language. Actually, according to Whalen (cited by Gibbs 2002), in the United Kingdom there is some dialect Irish Gaelic, where people started seeing their language  as inferior to the  dominant language, then people ceased speaking it for everyday life. Thus, if  their children stopped speaking their own language as a result the language inevitable will vanish. Another case related to this issue is in the United States where some languages are into extinction such as Shoshone which is the language of native indigenous community, this tongue has been taught for generations carrying the identity of their people. However, due to the pressure of English language and American culture, Shoshone will extinct inevitably (Krauss 2003). This is because Shoshone speakers have been influenced inevitably by American society. It can be seen that, there are significant examples of languages loss this issue is driven by English as worldwide language. Therefore, although English as a global language can have some positive effects in fields such as education aviation and business communication arguably has more adverse effects. Young people have been facing serious problems in their linguistic identity due to English media influences . This aspect continually changes with the individual development, according to the environment and situations in daily life, where English is a powerful tool of communication. One example of this case is given by Kaul (2011) who states that global western brands such as Disney, well known in terms of influencing children’s behaviour through communication and shopping experience. This means that, The US export western perception of entertainment to the children under its consumer strategy with significant consequences in their lives. Another example of  English Media dominance in young people is in television such as cartoon network programs which have become a negative influence in terms of linguistic expressions (Hassan & Daniyal 2013). It is clear that, English language through mass media is affecting negatively behaviour and linguistic skills in young people. Another aspect that it is important to take into account is linguistic Culture loss. A recent study of a group of undergraduate students in selected private and public universities from Malaysia, found that being proficient in English is viewed as superior, higher status and elite social interaction than the local language. (Kim, Siong, Fei & Ya’acob 2010). The implication here is the detriment of the mother tongue and as a result the linguistic culture. According to Keebe  (2003) regarding indigenous linguistic loss is not only an issue in terms of linguistic concern but also in terms of preserving culture. It is clear that, as global language English is responsible for some damages in linguistic culture in some communities. This situation causes that minorities gradually move the language from the mother tongue to the foreign language with consequences in terms of culture identity. It can be seen then that there are some significant evidences to show that English language as a worldwide tongue can have negative effects in minority communities such as language loss and rejection of their own language. Although, some argue that English as a common language may facilitate global communication, there are significant negative impacts in terms of misunderstandings between people. One of these is the pronunciation due to the different English accents around the world. There are some examples in aviation field one example of this was between members of the crew and a passenger in Air New Zealand flight,  from London to Oakland,  California where a young man passenger understood Oakland instead of Auckland. Therefore, was taken to Auckland, next day New Zealand airlines gave him a free-ticket to Oakland (Krivonos 2007). This example shows that misunderstanding can occur in  any part of the flight whether landing or taking off stage. Moreover, there are examples in terms of communication where English as a global language has changed its vocabulary due to the adaptations in different countries depending on the communicative needs such as words associated to traditions, rituals, cooking, recreation, habits, and many other aspects of daily life. For instance, in South Africa the expression ‘The bakkie had to stop at a red robot’ , people need to understand that the word bakkie means a truck and the word robot means traffic light (Crystal 2003). This means that English as a common language is exposed to several changes due to the language itself now belong to the world. Moreover, while some authors claim  that English as a worldwide language has positive impacts in terms of business WorldLingo (cited by Feely and Harzing  2003) has argued that there are several companies  especially in China, South America and Middle East where the guideline is to speak same language as their customers. It is important to take into account that negotiations and legal documents are inevitable in mother tongue. This means that, for companies the priority is customer development needs. Thus, English in these situations does not have benefits for them. Further to this, according to Joshihara (cited by cited by Feely and Harzing  2003) he points out, in his studies  that Japanese multinationals  corporations most of the overseas offices are leading by Japanese people, this means that senior and medium management level prefer to carry on working in Japanese language. This means that, the priority for several companies in Japan is to hire Japanese people in order to solve their language communication issues.  It can be seen that even though there are some positive impacts on having English as a global language for global and business communication purposes, it can be argued that there are several evidences that English plays an important role in terms of misunderstandings and improvement opportunities in business communications whether aviation or multinational corporation In conclusion, English as a global language clearly has a negative impacts on young people’s linguistic skills and behaviour through mass media. While , English has a positive effects in terms of global communications such as aviation, education and business,  there  are  significant  negative  impacts  on  people  due  to  the  misunderstandings such as aviation field and business communication. Moreover, having English as a common language may affect negatively adults’ thinking through media due to the influences on mentality. Additionally, English language plays an important role affecting young people’s behaviour and linguistic skills via mass media. Therefore, English as a worldwide tongue is influencing negatively local languages and by default its survival due to the pressure of the English language in daily life in the communities. Moreover, English language is responsible for damages in linguistic culture whether local communities or minorities in different countries. Therefore, governments and leaders should consider the adverse consequences of English as a global language when making decisions in mass media policies, and consider the importance of its impact on young people and minority communities in terms of linguistic and culture identity. Reference List Crystal, D 2003 , Crystal, D 2003, English as a global language, Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, pp. 70,162. Demont-Heinrich, C 2011,’Cultural imperialism versus globalisation of culture: Riding the structure-agency dialectic in global communication and media studies’, SOC4 Journal, Manuscript. 401, viewed February 2014, pp 3. Feely, A & Harzing, A 2003,’ Language management in multinational companies’, Cross Cultural Management, vol 10, no. 2, pp. 46-47. Fredriksson, R & Barner-Rasmussen, W & Piekkari, R 2006, ‘The multinational corporation as a multilingual organization’, viewed 3 February 2014, . Gibbs, W 2002,’Saving Languages’, Scientific American, pp. 85. Hassan, A & Daniyal, M 2013,’ Carton network and its impact on behaviour of school going children’, International Journal of Management Economics and Social Sciences, Economics, pp. 8. Kaul, V 2011,’Globalisation and media’, Mass communication and journalism, vol 1, pp.4, 5. Kim, L & Siong, L & Fei, W & Ya’acob, A 2010,’ The English language and its impact on identities of multilingual Malaysian undergraduates’, Online Journal of language studies, vol 10, pp.95-96. Krivonos, P 2007,’Communication in aviation safety:lessons learned and lesson required’, . Majidi, A 2013,’ English as a global language; Threat or opportunity for minority languages?’, Mediterranean journal of social sciences, vol 4, np. 11, pp.34. Rogerson-Revell, P 2007, ‘Using English for international business a European case study’, English for specific purposes, vol 26, pp.104. Weil , M & Pullin, P 2011, ‘English as a lingua france in education- Internationalisation speaks English’, . Whaley, L 2003,’The future of native languages’, viewed 5 February 2014, http://www.elsevier.com/locate/futures/